So after more distractions that life keeps throwing my way the fuselage is covered.

The sides were done in the order: right rear and top forward to the door, then door to the front, then all the left side in one piece. I had enough fabric left from the provided roll after that to finish the tailplane that I had to redo from earlier.

The left side where the cabling and some controls pass was glued down into the recess and then the fabric was slit so that if it shrunk it wouldn’t pull out.

Once all that was done then the edges and anywhere the fabric overlay timber edges was reinforced.

Finally the undercarriage was reassembled and fabric was wrapped around. The plans and material supplied had a sheet of aluminium riveted to the side. I had decided against that quite some time ago. The edges would not fit flush with the round tubing was one issue and the other was that I used the sheet to make the heat collector for the carburetor. Prior to applying the fabric I put a tube inside that would allow me to pass the brake line through it. Not my idea I copied it from another tube and fabric lane at the airfield.

Now for the painting. Gulp.

Just a brief update. Still covering when I can find the time.

All the wings are now done, ready to be painted.

IMG_2708

I’ve started on the fuselage recently. Some of the metal parts had to be repainted and I’ve put it off because I didn’t enjoy it the 1st time. The parts had to be done as some need to be fitted before the fuselage is covered. Once that was done all the metal fittings were taken to the hangar which is where I found I was missing two pieces. After a lot of searching I found them, dropped into a pile of scrap wood in the shed. And they still needed painting. D’oh.

Anyway I’ve covered the bottom of the fuselage. I started by filling in the place where the wing roots sit. I then overthought the problem and covered the bottom up to the long slat on the side of the fuselage. I should have just done the bottom. It means I will overlap the side pieces and will need to do it very straight or it will show.

 

Well despite the lack of posts I have been making quite steady progress. All the wings and control surfaces are now covered. Three wings have been stitched. Two have been finish taped; and the 3rd is well advanced.

The rotating wing cradles have been invaluable. It has made rib stitching and taping a much easier job.

The stitching is mostly done with a continuous stitch. I’ve used a flat thread. Except for the first knot the knot done after each stitch is a modified seine knot. There are numerous pictures and how to videos on the web but the one that stood out for me was the EAA alternative method. With the Ipad running next to me it was easy to follow and I soon had it down pat. The thread is passed right through the wing and back again. The special knot is tied, then pushed back under the material and then it is passed onto the next hole. This means it is one continuous piece. Except in reality it becomes too long to manage so the wing ribs are done in two halves.

All the holes were pre-marked; 45mm apart where the slipstream from the propeller will blow over them and 90mm further out.

IMG_2698

Then a hole poked into the spot to make passing the needle back and forth easier. Having someone on the other side helps.Ā  Once again, Graham, my trusty father-in-law came to the rescue. I did the last wing on my own. It took a little longer but it is doable. We made up our own needle using a welding rod core. You can buy shiny fancy ones but the welding rod is easier to shape. And you do need to shape it as there are places where you have to go around internal structures. Also it’s not too sharp. You tend to drag the needle tip around when trying to find the hole on the other side and a sharp point could damage the fabric and is more likely to make its own hole. Graham hammered one end to make it flat and wide enough to drill a reasonable size hole to pass the thread through and then sanded the other end to give a blunt point.

IMG_2696

3 purchased ones on the left and 2 home made ones. Flat thread used.

There are numerous ways to screw it up too. I’d done nearly one whole rib before realising I’d forgot to put the reinforcing tap on. Part of the knot is making a loop; meaning you pass the thread back into the hole it came out of. It is easy then to pull it right back through; meaning you have to do it again. Not starting with enough material so you end up slightly short. I’ll leave those that are yet to do it to discover the other ways. You need to concentrate but it is a bit mindless and repetitive so brain fades happen.

Once the stitching has been done then all the fabric joins, ribs and any place the material transitions from timber to unsupported fabric needs to have the finishing tape applied. It is this job that uses a lot of glue. The Stewart System web site has a lot of how to videos which are very good for a beginner like me. Lots of tips on how to do it and make it look good. I bought 1″,2″, 3″ and 4″ pinked tape. You use a lot of the 2″ tape on a the biplane.

The leading edge was made from the fabric left over from covering the wings. I made a long plank 8″ wide and drew the lines down either side and then used the plank as a guide while using a “pizza cutter” type pinking wheel. Gluing down the first side and keeping it straight is easy but by the time you wrap it over the leading edge it is tricky to keep the long edge straight. Patience helps but its still not perfect.

IMG_2694

While this has been going on Graham made a rotating stand for the fuselage. Once again I’m sure this will be of great assistance when covering and painting.

The upper wing aileron hinge tube need a way of being fitted now that the wing is covered. The aluminium hinge has a slot cut into it to take the bolt attached to a long piece of steel tube. As long as you keep turning clockwise it can be pushed through the aileron or be used to pull it out. The wing root has a cut out to pass the steel tube through and a ply plate is attached to cover the hole. It is important not to put a stitch right through the wing where the steel tube has to go.

IMG_2634

All the ply pieces that make up the covers on the fuselage have been covered in Superflite but in a lighter material than the wing material. This is to give a continuous texture to the finished product and to stop any fine cracks showing through from the ply.

IMG_2697

That’s all for now

Well I’ve been able to spend some time recently on the project. It is getting long in the tooth. In two weeks I’ll have had the kit for seven years. Much longer than I’d initially thought it would take but then life happens while you make plans. One of the advantages of the online blog is that I’ve had contact with another builder – one who is doing it all off the plans without any parts supplied by the designer. He asked a question on what I’d done with the wing root fittings and it turned out that I’d not done it correctly. There is a bushing on the front lower cross member where the spar forks from the forward spar attach. I’d not put the right size bushing in. Fortunately for me he didn’t just pick up my mistake, he also suggested a fix, machined some parts and mailed them all the way from the USA to me in Australia. Help like that is pretty special. Recently I read in the “Kit Plane” magazine a piece he’s written up about how he cut an awkward piece at the rear of the fuselage. Quite an accomplished man.

Anyway with that issue resolved I was ready to look at the job of covering. The kit supplied a bolt of fabric. It is Superflite aircraft fabric. It is similar to most modern aircraft fabric in that it is attached to the frame with glue then shrunk with heat till it is taught. Then it needs to be painted. The option I had was what sort of glues and paints I wanted to use. All of the people I have available to advise me have used solvent based glues and paints. The problem with those materials is exposure to the solvents and the cost of moving “dangerous materials” around. There is a relatively new product on the market called Oratex which is prefinished so once it is applied that’s it, no painting required. I understand the finished product is lighter and of course there is the saving in time. The problem is that it costs more, the colour choices are limited to what they make, and I already had fabric. There is another option which is the Stewart System. This is a water born glue and paint. Being water based there is almost no health issues by comparison and no dangerous goods freight problems/costs. There is a heap of You Tube videos on how to use it which I’ve spent a fair bit of time watching before deciding to go that route. It does mean there is no local knowledge to guide me but I was confident that It should be relatively straight forward – at least the covering part anyway.

Before starting I had to find a place to spray paint the plane when that time came. The compressor needs a quite high free airflow at the spray gun and that isn’t provided by the average handyman air-compressor. The gliding clubs workshop has a suitable one and I’m planning on using it at the appropriate time. It is also getting perilously close to the time when I must finally chose a colour scheme. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve changed my mind over the course of the build. I’m still not really sure.

Anyway with the materials chosen it was time to prepare the plane for covering. This means taking everything off that would otherwise be in the way. The fuselage is stripped back as far as I can. The wings and tail plane and control surfaces have been carefully check before the material is applied. Any glue or paint runs show up like a pimple and detract from the finished product apparently. The one thing my advisors have said is that fabric doesn’t hide anything, in fact it can make them stand out.

It was finally time to step up to the plate and have a go. The ailerons were the easiest shape and size to attack first. It went about as well as I could hope for. Once the fabric is glued on, which was not a long process, the shrinking gave a very pleasing finish. The fabric is shrunk in three steps using a low, medium and high heat setting. It is possible, and indeed common, to use a household Iron. I had access to a couple and when testing the temperature setting I found that they don’t hold a very good temperature. They varied about 60-70 Fahrenheit. Now that might be good enough but I can not know for sure. So I ponied up and bought an Iron from the Stewart store called Wintersteiger T-10A Iron. It is used for waxing skies and it is digital with a temperature readout and is extremely stable. I would recommend getting one. I already had a small hobby covering iron from my aeromodeling days.

The fabric is cut with pinking shears and in the videos they use a Florian rotary pinking shear which cuts a continuous pinked edge. So while shipping the iron over I got one of those as well. Unfortunately I found it very difficult to cut straight lines with. I’ve found regular scissor type pinking shears much easier to use. Pity, because they weren’t cheap.

One of the things I saw on the videos, especially when it came time to painting the wings is that they used stands that allow the wing to be rotated. The wing root fittings make it easy to attached to a frame that has a central pivot but the wing tip has no such fitting. So I elected to put a bushing in the tip bow that would allow a 1/4″ pin to go in and that would hold the outer end while allowing it to rotate. I’ve borrowed some stands and modified them to suit and I think when it comes time to stitch and paint the wings it will make thing much easier. I’ll just need a way to plug the bushing after everything is done.

IMG_2626

I’ve had my trusty father in-law around while I’m doing the covering. It makes it much easier having a second set of hands especially when covering the wings. It pretty soon becomes tricky to turn them over by yourself. The wing stands would probably be essential without a second set of hands.

Anti-chaffing tape has to be put on any place where the fabric might rub on an underlying structure or any pressure points. As the fabric is not glued to the ribs the question was should I put anti-chaffing tape over them. Now all the ribs will have the fabric stitched to them. This involves having rib stitching tape applied over the fabric to stop the stitching material pulling through and then there will be finishing tape over the stitches. That’s three layers not counting the stitch. Adding anti-chaffing tape would make four layers. I decided not to do that except the last rib next to the tip bow and count on the stitching to stop any rubbing.

IMG_2628

Once all the components are covered then the as I mentioned the ribs will need stitching. Then they will need finishing tape as will all edges and overlaps. I can see this will take quite some time. Plus I’m not in a rush to get to the painting part. I’m very aware that the finished article will be judged largely on the quality of the paint job and I have very little experience in that department.

And here’s some more pictures to look at.

 

 

 

Well once again time has gotten away from me. Construction has progressed slowly and that has become to bug me but I’m afraid this project has to take a back seat at times. Work is interfering with my preferred activities. I’ve thought about giving work up but I’m addicted to eating regularly.

The gap in front of the firewall and behind the engine needed covering. Because the engine is such a work of art I didn’t want to cover it up but the complicated mess behind it needs hiding and protection from the elements a bit. If the engine was covered it would be called a cowling but this is only a coaming. My original plan was to make it out of fiberglass. Actually it was to get someone else to make it out of fiberglass. To do that you make build up the shape you want and then lay glass over it. I had a go at doing that and found it extremely difficult to make it the right shape, symmetrical and strong enough to hold the weight while it was layed up with cloth and resin. I made a crude hoop to put behind the exhaust ring and in front of the firewall. Then I bridged the space with 1.5mm thick plastic and stapled or screwed it into place. I showed it to my friend who is well versed in glass work through gliding and got a non-committal acceptance. The more I looked at it the less happy I was. So I took it off. It occurred to me that It needs to be much neater, more accurately made and more rigid. Hence plan B.

Plan B was to make it out of spruce and ply. It also occurred to me that If I did a good job it could actually be the finished product. So I made another, thicker hoop by laminating spruce in the same way as the wing tips, rudder and tail plane were made. I made up spacers to go around the exhaust ring which would the hoop 3/4″ from the exhaust. The final positioning was done as much by eye as by measuring. Form work was screwed to the firewall which allowed me to make a spruce laminated ring/box in situ. I wanted a more rounded shape so I let the natural shape of the timber find the right shape, hence the gap on either side of the fuselage. I think it looks good. It will allow good airflow behind the engine but I really don’t think that is important. Its more about aesthetics.

Once I was happy with that I had to decide how the ply was to be attached. In some places the ply attached to the ring at right angles but in most places it attached at an angle and that meant a lot of fiddly wedge shaped pieces had to be built up around the ring so that the ply would have a decent amount of material to glue to. The bottom half was the most complicated as it is going from a square shape at the firewall to a round shape at the engine. I started with the lower sides and bent the ply as far as it would reasonably go. The bottom pieces were cut to fit and blocks were hand shaped to give the side and the bottom something to anchor to at the join. As this is a compound curve it was all done by cutting shaping and trying each piece till I was happy with the fit.

With the bottom part covered in ply I could remove the form piece and then I made a number of nut plates by riveting a locking nut to a piece of right angle aluminium. This meant the bottom was now firmly positioned in its permanent place. With that done I could now focus on the top section. As it was a less radical difference in shape it was easier to make up the wedges to fit the front ring. I used a thick paper template to get the right shape to cut from the ply sheeting. I left a 10″ gap at the top for two reasons. It gave me access to fit the attachment nut plates. And t would be much easier to locate the hole for the oil tank filler tube. With the upper sides done I then separated the top from the bottom. This was a moment of truth. I wasn’t sure how much spring would be in the material. Almost none it turned out. Also I was worried about getting the bottom section off as the exhaust outlets rake backwards and made it narrow. I was right on that one but fortunately there is just enough spring in the sides to let it on and off.

Digital Camera

Digital Camera

The kit included a hinge for the cowling proved so the top can be joined to the bottom. I used the same idea after beefing up the join area. With the hinge pin in place and all the mounting screws the coaming is very rigid, reasonably light, and symetrical. All that I was hoping for. The top piece was fitted after drilling the hole for the oil filler. I made two openings in the bottom. One for the fuel/drain tester access and the other for the heater tube for the carb heat.. By the way the heat collector needs to be removed to get the bottom section off. A moderate pain in the behind and not foreseen in my many worries. Only the top needs removing to get access to most things including the air filter, the oil filters, the fuel filters and to inspect everything.

 

Now it just needs painting.

The doors were still dragging so it was decided to remove the flashing across the front, undo the screws on the top of the face cladding. We then removed the tech screws from the bottom of the vertical braces in the inside. With the long beam holding the track now free we jacked it up about 15mm and reattached the vertical braces through new holes and did the same with the cladding . This effectively solved the problem and only took about 2 hours.

The vertical pieces between the section holding the doors and the roof truss had to be undone at the bottom so we could push up the beam with a jack under an appropriately lengthened steel pole.

 

The plan to seal the gaps around the doors was a bit of a fiasco. We spent a weekend only to find that my plan would not work so it all had to come off. In the end we use damp course plastic between each rail , the shed and the flashing. Very tedious but also strong and effective.

We had to add a timber strip between the door flashing and the track so that the plastic wouldn’t lift off in the wind.

While all this was being done we finally had some rain. It has been a very dry summer here. The drainage around the hangar seemed to work well. However there was some water entering the front of the hangar via the door tracks. This set of another couple of weekends work. The tracks are long, about 20m and the only drainage was at the ends. So when it rained and the water ran down the doors, it rapidly filled the tracks which overflowed into the hangar. So I cut some cross channels to give better drainage. A trench was dug and more subsoil drains leading to 2.5m deep holes to give the water somewhere to go. If that doesn’t work I’ll be breaking out the mop.

 

Well a lot of work has happened since the last post; but not on the plane. A hangar at Gawler became available. Bigger than I needed but the price was very good so I snapped it up. There were a couple if issues that needed resolving but I was sure I could fix those. My father-in-law, Graham offered to help as he has a small tractor and is retired. How hard could it be?

The previous owner had significant health issues and the hangar was very neglected. It was one of the mass produced hangars that were built to replace the ones that were in the wrong place when the highway was built. That is to say they were built down to a price and quality wasn’t a consideration. If the buildings are looked after then they are quite serviceable but some have deteriorated thru neglect. To make matters worse this one had a concrete slab added at the back of the hangar for a water tank. The slab was hard up against the outside; higher than the inside floor and sloped towards the hangar. To make things even worserer (a new word for the English language) the overflow on the tank went straight onto the concrete so it pooled against the wall and came in through the gaps!

I thought that the concrete slab was the only problem so the plan was to get rid of it. There is mains water right up to the hangar so there is no need for water storage. There were waist high weeds and grass that hid the level of the dirt around the hangar making it an unwelcome surprise. That wasn’t discovered till I’d sprayed the weeds, left them a few weeks to die then mowed and slashed them down.

DSCI0048

Very unkempt weeds.

The tank stand removal required the hiring of a concrete saw. I dug round the edges to determine how thick it was and hired the appropriate size saw. Tricked me. The slab was made like a saucer; about 3″ around the edge and 4-6″ in the middle and reinforced with metal bars. You could have used it as a space shuttle launch pad.Ā  Serious overkill for a 1000l water tank. So after cutting the slab into manhandle-able size pieces they then had to be broken further with metal wedges and a sledgehammer. Except for those pieces where the bar was out of reach of the 4″ saw blade. They just required some lifting, smashing, bending till the saw could reach the bar. Then all the pieces were hauled away to be dumped. I guessed 1 days work before starting but as an omen of things to come it took 4 times that.

lc39a

Approximate size of slab – or so it felt.

With the concrete removed the extent of the damage it had caused the metal sheeting was revealed. There was significant rust where the cladding had been covered by concrete. Since the weeds had been removed we then took a look at where the dirt was up against the sheeting – more rust. Some of the concrete from the floor had been pushed up the outside of the sheeting to hold it in place or just to make it look finished. Where it had crumbled away it revealed more rust. Not good. I decided to see if the sheeting could be saved and so began the great crawl.

The doors have no rust but don’t open easily. The doors hang from rollers in a track. Almost all the adjustment is used up so when the doors get hot in the afternoon sun they drag a bit. We adjusted them as far as they can go but major surgery may yet be required to make them work properly. The bottom of the doors have a tongue that sits in a groove which itself is set into the concrete. The groove was full of dirt and decaying plant material which took a along time to clean out. It’s one of those things that will be easier to look after once it is cleaned up. Anyway back to the rust repairs.

The hangar is 12m by 12m with rust on 3 sides along the bottom. Since the soil around the hangar was higher than the floor in places Graham and his trust tractor removed a lot and re-leveled the soil, so that it should keep most standing water away from the floor. We then hired a trench digger to make a trench around the hangar in which we placed drained pipe with holes which went to the lowest corner. Then a deep but narrow hole was dug using a fence post hole digger to help carry away any water. The trench was filled with gravel, again to aid drainage. We have yet to test this as it has hardly rained since November.

With the soil away I could remove the concrete on the outside of the bottom of the sheeting. A hammer and cold chisel was too hard and too slow so I hired a demolition hammer which made short work of the job. With the concrete removed I could undo the bottom row of tech screws and push away the metal from the concrete floor from the inside. As suspected the rust was well established n the inside so with a wire brush I removed the worst of the dirt and rust. A good wash with a pressure washer readied the inside for the rust converter. After the rust converter I applied a bitumen based paint. The bitumen pain is not UV stable so could only go on the inside. It is very thick and filled some of the pin holes in the sheeting. With the inside done a similar process was done on the outside except after removing all the loose rust, a rust converter, rust proof primer and rust proof top coat of silver was used. To get an even line I masked off the highest point.

Just remember all of this is done at ground level, so on the inside it was done on chest and elbows, on the outside it was done on the knees. 12m a side, inside and out, multiple processes. AAARGHH.

Once the metal was fixed to the best of my abilities, bitumen impregnated foam was positioned between the concrete flooring and the sheet metal before the tech screws were replaced.

DSCI0052

While the repairs to the metalwork were being carried out an opportunity to have the floor professionally painted, at a heavy discount, came up. They ground the concrete to remove built up of oil and imperfections then applied two coats of two-pack paint. It made a huge difference to how it looked, dust control and ease of cleaning. If given a choice I’d have done it last but given the price I wasn’t going to argue.

DSCI0053

Freshly painted floor suddenly made it look like a new hangar

While all this was happening in late spring, early summer it became apparent how hot it is inside a steel box on a sunny day. A few hangars have insulation under the roof sheeting and a couple have it on the walls as well. Those ones are quite usable on even very hot days so I thought I would insulate the hangar as well.

Now the best way to put insulation in a metal shed is to do it when it’s being built. They install foam and silver foils material between the frame and the sheeting. It is moderately expensive for the insulation but in terms of speed of application it is very quick so the labour part is minimal. Once the shed is built the problem becomes how to apply the chosen insulation. Getting to the roof is tricky since the walls are 3.6m high and up to 5.2m at the high point. Also hangars can be breezy places. When the doors are fully open even a moderately windy day could lift poorly applied insulation.

I chose to use a simple sisalation material and put it inside the members the sheeting is attached to. I considered using tech screws but the retailer thought that would tear through and recommended builders adhesive instead. I had originally planned to go up one wall across the roof and down the other side in one sheet. Then I’d tape up the join. To get use to handling the material Graham I decided to do the doors first. Good thing too.

The foil, as we ended up calling it, is very light but has a thread embedded in it to give it strength. However it is awkward to handle. All the creases show up. You can’t put any pressure on it to apply the tape unless there is some structure under it so it made us wonder how long the tape would stick. So on the doors we cut it to size and put it on the doors where the frame could support it all round. That worked very well so we decided to do the walls and the roof the same way.

The walls were done on ladders. All the metal was washed first to remove dirt. Then a pneumatic gun was used to apply the adhesive. Then holding the material as unfolded as possible it was placed in position and then pushed firmly into the adhesive. It could be tensioned once in place to reduce the wrinkled appearance that happened despite our best efforts. To hold the foil in place small magnets glued to metal strips was placed on the outside once we were happy with its position.

For a neat finish and to add some resilience all the edges were taped.

DSCI0062 (2)

The foil as I said is not particularly strong. You can’t lean on it or put pressure in any place. Sharp objects will go right through it. Also we were using it faster than I had budgeted for; applying it the way we ended up doing it. We were getting lots of off-cuts which seemed a waste to chuck. So I had the idea of applying the foil to the backs of MDF board and using them in the place where I intend to have a working area. Once painted it would look good and be hard wearing.

 

While doing the walls the roof loomed in our minds about how to get there and how to position the foil. A scissor lift was the initial plan but seeing how long it was taking to do the walls, and the roof being such a large surface, it became clear hiring a scissor lift would be very expensive. So my inventive father-in-law suggested using the tractor once again, this time fitting a frame to the bucket. After some toing and frowing on how to do it safely we came up with a plan. Graham is handy with a welder soĀ  the lift was made on site. The contraption in the photos may look a bit agricultural but it was sturdy and performed extremely well. We fitted a couple of pieces of aluminium angle around the hydraulic control which meant he couldn’t move the bucket quickly or tip me out if he bumped the lever. We got lots of occ, health and safety comments but no-oneĀ  could point out any specific dangers.

The roof sheets were lifted up on a rail that allowed it to stay un-creased. One end was glued in placed then it was stretched out and glued at the other end. To hold it in place under tension some bigger and stronger magnets were used. Once it as stretched across it was then pushed up onto the glue pre-placed on the roof beams. Then the normal magnets were placed to help hold it till the glue had a chance to grab. This meant the tractor went back and forth a few times but that was easier than running up and down ladders like we did on the walls. I appreciated that as it was quite warm up near the metal roof.

DSCI0089

1st apply adhesive then position and hold with strong magnet. Then as the tractor slowly reverses apply adhesive to the roof beams. The bar holds the foil flat and lets it drape behind. The other end is pressed into the glue and held in position with another strong magnet. Then the sides are pressed into the glue. Then it is tensioned and lighter magnets (stuck to the frame of the lift) are strong enough to hold it till it grabs.

The side pieces on the roof were a bit of a challenge. The top wall beams didn’t line up with the uprights. Plus the gap between roof beams was wider than the foil so we had to join a piece using tape. A steel angle was made to fill in the gap and make sticking the vertical and roof foils way easier.

dsci0094.jpg

The side run on the roof needed wide pieces so a strip was joined using insulation tape

All the edges were taped to give a neat finish. Once the foils was finally on and the back wall painted the floor was given an massive clean. All the dripped glue was stripped off the floor. We then put a connection to the water supply so we had a sink indoors with cold running water.

It looked like a different hangar to the one I’d bought 4-1/2 months ago but boy was it a lot of work. The final job is to reduce dust. That means stopping drafts around the doors. We are still fussing around that job but the vast majority of the upgrade is done.

 

Despite the lack of updates things have happened, just a lot slower that I’d wish. Some of this is due to poor organisation on my behalf and some is due to difficulty getting some parts. Ordering from Aircraft Spruce in the US can be tricky, the delivery costs to Australia are quite high so I try to order as many parts in one go as I can comfortably foresee. The problem arises if a part is not in stock and needs to be ordered in. Everything sits there till the whole order is available or you pay another delivery fee. This has resulted in a 8-10 week delay on one order and I’m now down more than 6 weeks waiting for another. They are good at keeping you informed at the items on back order. However the most recent update put a couple of items back to the end of October! They had suggested the end of August initially but that keeps getting pushed back. It’s the fault of the suppliers they’ve told me. Sigh.

So what has happened? Well the rudder cables are largely made. The appropriate sized crimps arrived so I could make them up. However the plans call for a stop to be applied to the cable just behind the rear spar carry through. None are supplied and I didn’t order them so they are stopping the cables from being completed. I used a swaging tool that is simple and easy to use. A trick told me by my advisor was to use a cheap cable clamp from the hardware store to hold it in the right place while the bolts are done up to crush the crimp. It makes it easy for one person to do the job. I added a short piece of rubber tubing split length wise so that the clamp didn’t get in the way of the swaging tool

Where the cable exits the fuselage I made a small box to hold the guide tube in place and make covering a little simpler.

I fabricated a hot air supply for the throttle body. The Throttle body manual states a hot air supply is required but there is a lot of evidence that the throttle body is much less susceptible to icing especially if air is taken from behind the engine. BUT I would be very disappointed if the engine failed. So I invented one as I couldn’t find a plan for one. It sits between the exhaust stubs and looks pretty neat if I do say so myself. I had it ceramic coated as it is going to get pretty warm and neither painting nor anodizing would be likely to last.

With the engine pushed 2″ forward the Jabiru air-filter fits nicely. It needed a bit of modification to suit but now the throttle has both hot and cold filtered air. The front can be removed then slid out to the right side to access the filter.

DSCI0011

The aileron control was finally done. It was a much fiddlier job than I thought it would be. The plans are clear enough but I was worried about the torque tube binding inside the tubes within the fuselage so a great deal of care was done to ensure that it didn’t. I lost count of the number of times the wings were put on and taken off. Fortunately I have a very patient farther in law.

DSCI0007 (2)

While the bottom wings were on I determined where exactly a fairing could be placed to hide the gap where the wing joins the fuselage. As the fuselage is tapered there is quite a large gap at the trailing edge. The fairing was made roughly the shape and the little tabs allowed me to staple it in place while the glue dried.

DSCI0013

With a throttle body there needs to be a little fuel pressure at the body itself. The engine has a mechanical pump and I added an electrical pump. There needs to be a return line to the fuel tank for any excess fuel but it needs a restricter. The tank supplied has an outlet at the bottom and two inlet ports. Both are on the cockpit side. I’ll need one so that fuel from the wing tanks can drain into the main tank. The other however was not particularly suitable for the return line so I had another welded onto the engine side and plugged the other. I used a one-way valve as a restricter. It theoretically serves 2 purposes. 1, if the aircraft is nosed over it doesn’t allow fuel to drain out onto a hot engine. 2, the valve spring acts as a restricter. How much restriction? I don’t know till I try it under running conditions. Here’s hoping.

DSCI0014

I had a lot of hair pulling trying to plan the fuel and oil lines. After doing a bit of theoretical reading, interpreting the drawings supplied with the engine and throttle, and finally phoning Rotec a plan and parts list was drawn up. The parts were bought from an auto supplier that sells high end racing parts which mean they are AN fittings and also have NPT adapters to suit. For those not from North America, NPT stands for national pipe thread. NPT fittings are all tapered. Those of us from the colonies would be more familiar with BSP and those are readily available here but they are not compatible with the engine and fuel fittings supplied with the kit. Just for fun NPT fittings are given a size like 1/8″ 1/4″ and 3/4″. I’m guessing that the sizes nominally match the internal size of the pipes and hoses but don’t in reality. AN fittings are “Airforce and Navy” and differ from regular automotive fuel fittings. Naturally these fittings are more expensive.

DSCI0009 (2)

This isĀ  AN6 “push-lock” fitting. Once the hose is on, you can’t pull it off again. It would have to be cut off.

So again with the help of my father in-law the engine was put back on and the various items that need to go onto the firewall were placed. Then the engine removed and the appropriate holes drilled. Not all at once. The engine went on and off a number of times to make sure all would fit as planned. The oil and fuel lines have no definitive routing so there was some experimenting and debating about the best way to put them. The competing requirements are; keep them as short as practical, don’t interfere with other things, able to anchor them if they are long so they don’t rub. Eventually the hoses were made but not all have been connected. The engine has oil in it to preserve it and I don’t want to drain it yet. With the final hose routing some of the fittings I bought weren’t suitable so more had to be bought. It’s only money.

DSCI0004 (2)

All the oil lines are 3/8″ as indicated on the plans. Most of the fittings have an AN fitting on the ends. A couple are push fit onto a barb but they are under no pressure. None of the oil hoses will be covered in firesleeve. We encountered a problem with the oil filter block. There are five ports. Two are 1/8″ for sensors. The other three are 3/8″ but they weren’t tapered threads like everything else. They weren’t deep enough for “banjo fittings” so the only fittings that would suit were non-tapered. Given that these oil lines are under some pressure it was very strange. I rang Rotec and told just to run a 3/8″ NPT tap in it. I did that but it didn’t help much so I took it to an automotive engineering firm and they couldn’t work it out either, however they did weld the bung onto the fuel tank for me. In the end I sent it back to Rotec and after a week it came back with tapered thread cut much further into the housing and now it’s fine. That’s one good thing about using an Australian manufactured engine I guess.

DSCI0012

Rotec suggest using a scavenger pump to reduce the amount of oil left in the engine which could cause hydraulic lock and mess on the hangar floor. The one they suggested is quite large and heavy as it is able to pull up cold oil. Naturally it was the most expensive one but I bought it anyway. There is a filter between the small sump and the engine scavenger pump. They seem to imply that it just hangs on the oil lines. I manufactured a bracket that anchors the filter behind the oil sump for peace of mind.

DSCI0010

DSCI0005 (2)

The fuel lines were a bit of a mystery. Some of the parts have a 3/8″ fitting but the mechanical fuel pump has a 1/4″ barb fitting. The smallest size hose is the limiting factor. When I questioned Rotec they said a 1/4″ hose was more than suitable. They even use that size on the larger 9 cylinder engine! Ultimately most of the fittings and some of the hose is 1/4″ but this means it is stepped up or down as appropriate in an a number of place, meaning even more fittings and potential leak points. We’ll see I guess. By the way I used a Teflon paste on all the tapered threads being careful not to get any on the inside of the fittings. This introduces another question; how tight is tight? It seems to be a “how long is a piece of string?” question.

DSCI0015

I’ve ordered a set of harnesses which might arrive this week. I’m still chasing up my bespoke throttle quadrant. I’ll have to look at how I will get the engine cowl made too. I’m getting to the pointy end of the project now so I’m eager to press on but have to be patient. I’ll write again soon, I promise. Ha ha.

Some parts arrived which allowed me to make a bit of progress. The threaded control inserts arrived so I could finally complete the elevator circuit. The elevator needs 25 degrees up and 20 degrees down. With the the push-rod connected to the middle hole in the elevator horn I could just get that much but the front stick hit the front seat bottom on back stick and the rear stick hit the back of the front seat upright at full forward. So I rejigged the cut out in the fuselage and connected it to the top hole. Much better all round, so I then finished off the rear fuselage opening to make covering easier.

I decided to use an air-filter box from a Jabiru. It has the advantage that both cold and heated air go through the filter, it is very close to what I require in terms of size & shape and it is pre-made, saving me a lot of mucking about – or so I thought.

The gap between the firewall and the throttle body was just enough to get the filter in but I was advised that to directly attach the filter to the throttle body would quickly result in its destruction due to engine vibration. Not good. My advisors came and had a look at the proposed installation and after looking into the various alternatives I reluctantly decided to move the engine forward 2 inches. This option was chosen as it had several advantages and one disadvantage. The disadvantage being a potential center of gravity problem later on. The extent of this is very hard to predict but the worst outcome will be the necessity to add weight down the tail. The advantages included:-
being able to get the distributor caps off much easier (they were very close to the oil tank and that was without any hoses to complicate things);
I could put the oil tank back in its original position so I would need to get it modified;
being able to fit a flexible hose between the air-filter and the throttle body meaning I could use the Jabiru filter box;
more room generally which will help installation of other components and servicing.

So I bought some aluminium blocks to put between the firewall and the engine mounts.

While I was waiting for some parts to arrive I installed the instruments. I managed to get the panel hinged at the bottom so I can tilt it back and gain access to the workings. I then started the wiring. It looks a bit of a mess at the moment but will get tidied up once the fuselage is covered. I’ve used an automotive fuse block that takes blade fuses. It won’t be accessible in flight but that’s not mission critical given this is only ever going to be flown during the day.

I’ve chosen to use a very expensive but very light Lithium battery. EarthX batteries have redundant back up charging circuits to make sure it will charge without risk. The other advantage of using such a light battery is the mounting point doesn’t have to be so heavy either. I placed it behind the seat and run heavy batter cables up either side of the fuselage. The circuit diagram for the engine called for another heavy cable to run from the alternator back to the battery direct rather than via the bus. Apparently this will save some of the delicate electrics master is switched off before the ignition is switched off.

Where the battery cables run through the firewall I’ve made a stainless steel insert that will stop the cable chafing. I used a standard electrical fitting for the smaller alternator cable

DSCI0067

There will be 5 push pull or Bowden cables required. Throttle, mixture, carb-heat, primer, and fuel tap. As much as possible I’d like to run those cables outside the fuselage in the channel I’ve made on the left side of the fuselage. I’ve asked an engineering friend to see if he could come up with something that puts the mechanism in the channel but has the throttle and mixture handles on the inside. That is currently a work in progress. The throttle body needs to be primed for starting but it doesn’t come with a priming mechanism. The web page shows some examples made by other users so I made myself a version of that. It does mean the throttle will have to be tilted 45 degrees to fit but that should be no problem.

DSCI0060

Till next time.

Well there has been progress but in various areas. I painted the engine mount, white, This is so any cracks that may occur can be easily seen. Black would hide the grot and oil marks better but hide any cracks. All the aluminium pieces have been painted. Some I had stripped back and repainted as I wasn’t happy with them. I made a bigger and better spray box. I bought some lights which made it easier to see what I was doing and still some pieces are not perfect. I have found that there are a few new small pieces will need painting so I’ll strip the poor ones and have another go. Tedious.

Once that was done I fitted the undercarriage. This means the fuselage is now mobile and I could then mount the engine. I did this by buying a chain block and tackle and hanging it from the roof. The top exhaust piece was removed and a piece of angle iron cut to fit and bolted in place. This allowed me to lift the engine from the bottomĀ  on one side while my trusty helper lifted the engine via the block and tackle. Once hanging vertically it was easy to lift it to the right height. The fuselage was positioned in place and it largely went on. However the bolts supplied by Rotec did not reach through the bottom mount. Thinking I’d assembled the rubber engine mounts incorrectly the engine was removed and the rubber blocks pulled off. Now because the engine mount has a lovely paint job the blocks didn’t want to come off but after much wiggling twisting and choice words; I broke one. Much later I’d worked out that I had done it right in the first place and that the bolts won’t reach through because they simply aren’t long enough. I ducked down to the local hardware and bought a couple of cheap bolts of the right length to hold everything in place for the time being. Proper bolts and a new block will be ordered soon.

dsci0001

With the engine in place I could then fit the other items that live on the back of the engine. Which gave me an idea of how much room there is left to place the numerous things yet to be bought and or fitted. The answer is, it’s squeezy. The other thing I noted was that the oil tank wouldn’t fit where I’d initially placed it. It had to go higher to miss the distributor caps. This means the riser/filler tube sticks up a long way. I will probably get it cut off, shortened and re-welded later. The plan is to fit all the bulky hardware, then run the fuel lines and associated equipment. Once they are in place run the bowden and push pull cables that control the throttle body and carburetor heat, and finally the electrical stuff.

dsci0006

I’ve started looking at the instrument panel. I’ve decided for now that the front seat won’t have any instruments. Cost and lack of space between the fuel tank and the panel being the main reasons. Rotec sells a bunch of instruments that monitor the engine and is suited to show the RPM without any adjustment required. I bought them and ordered an altimeter and ASI. The ASI reads MPH & knots. The manual states MPH and I’m use to knots. The gap in the panel is very small so the depth of the instruments is critical. Also back there is the rear Cabanes and the seat belts for the front seat. It’s going to be squeezy. Again. I want the panel to be hinged at the bottom so I can tilt it forward to access the guts so I’ve made a couple of mock ups to see what is possible. Watch this space as I’m not quite happy that it will work yet. I have however decided what finish I’ll use on the Birch ply in the cockpit.

dsci0083dsci0007

dsci0081 dsci0009

The wiring for the elevator trim has been installed and tested.

dsci0005

Most aircraft radios won’t fit in the gap in the panel, they are way too deep and all have fittings on the back that make them even deeper. I’ve seen some planes where they use a handheld mounted on the side of the cockpit. I eventually decided to by a UK made radio, a Trig, that has a remote head so the bulk of the radios can be placed elsewhere. Fortunately that was a short while after the UK voted to Brexit and the exchange rate shifted to save me a couple of hundred Ozzie dollars. This does add some complexity to the radio installation however as a wiring harness has to be made to join the pieces. The plugs have tiny pins that require he wires be crimped into place. There are special tools that do this and are not cheap. Fortunately I have a friend who does this sort of thing and he helped make up the plugs. The radio is placed behind the cockpit and the harness runs on the outside of the fuselage and thru channels edged with “U” shaped rubber glued in place asĀ  a form of grommet.

dsci0085 dsci0086 dsci0004

Generally things now need to be ordered for progress to be made. This implies you know what those things are. There are great online shops and I’ve got a printed copy from Aircraft Spruce but it is still difficult to determine what exactly the requirements are and what will do the job.